A Comprehensive Guide by Jamie Serrano, DO 

KINSTON, NC - As a dedicated general surgeon at UNC Health Lenoir, my journey in medicine has led me to encounter numerous cases of melanoma throughout my career. Melanoma, a serious form of skin cancer, can become life-threatening if not detected and treated early. In this educational article, I aim to share valuable insights into melanoma, including its risk factors, prevention strategies, early detection, and treatment options, drawing from my experience as a medical professional.

What is Melanoma?

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that originates from melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives color to our skin, hair, and eyes. When melanocytes undergo abnormal changes due to damage from UV radiation or other factors, they can turn into cancerous cells, leading to the development of melanoma.

Risk Factors for Melanoma

Over the years, I have witnessed how certain factors can increase an individual's risk of developing melanoma, including:

• UV Exposure: Prolonged exposure to UV radiation from the sun or tanning beds significantly increases the risk of melanoma.

• Fair Skin, Hair, and Eyes: People with fair skin, light-colored hair, and light-colored eyes have less melanin protection and are at higher risk.

• Family History: Individuals with a family history of melanoma have an increased risk of developing the disease.

• Personal History: A previous melanoma diagnosis increases the likelihood of developing a new melanoma.

• Numerous Moles: Having many moles on the body may increase the risk of melanoma.

• Weakened Immune System: Individuals with a compromised immune system, either due to disease or medication, have a higher risk.

Prevention Strategies

Throughout my career, I have emphasized the importance of prevention in reducing the risk of melanoma. Here are some effective prevention strategies that I recommend:

• Sun Protection: Limiting exposure to direct sunlight, especially during peak hours (10 am to 4 pm), and wearing protective clothing, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses with UV protection.

• Sunscreen: Regularly applying a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher and reapplying it every two hours, especially after swimming or sweating.

• Avoiding Tanning Beds: I strongly advise against using tanning beds, as they emit harmful UV rays.

• Skin Checks: Performing regular self-examinations using the ABCDE rule: Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, and Evolution. Any changes or abnormalities should prompt a visit to a dermatologist promptly.

• Seeking Shade: When outdoors, seeking shade whenever possible can help reduce direct sun exposure.

Early Detection and Self-Examination

In my practice, I have seen firsthand the impact of early detection in improving outcomes for melanoma patients. I encourage everyone to perform regular self-examinations using the ABCDE rule I mentioned earlier.

Treatment Options

When melanoma is diagnosed in its early stages, surgical excision is often the primary treatment. In more advanced cases, additional treatments, such as immunotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy, may be considered. Early detection and prompt treatment are critical in achieving positive outcomes for melanoma patients.

Conclusion

Throughout my career as a general surgeon, I have seen the importance of understanding melanoma and its implications. By raising awareness about the risk factors, prevention strategies, and early detection of melanoma, we can collectively work towards combating this serious form of skin cancer and protecting the health of our community in Kinston, North Carolina.

*Disclaimer: This article is based on my experiences as a medical professional and is for informational purposes only. It should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider for personalized guidance and treatment options. *

About Dr. Jamie Serrano: Dr. Serrano is a general surgeon practicing at UNC Surgical Specialists at Lenoir in Kinston.  She completed her undergraduate studies at Lock Haven University and attended medical school at Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine in Blacksburg, Virginia. Dr. Serrano went on to complete her general surgery residency at University of Michigan Health in Wyoming, Michigan.